Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. The Ramses Exchange is also the location of the CR-IX, the largest Internet exchange in North Africa or the Middle East. The Ramses Exchange, located on Ramses Street near the center of Cairo is the main "wire center" for Telecom Egypt, carrying not only municipal telecommunications traffic, but also serving as the main point of entry for international submarine fiber-optic circuits, back-hauled from landing stations near Alexandria. Reports related to the 2011 Internet shutdown in Egypt refer to the " Ramses Exchange" as the location where the shut down was effected. Internet exchange points Įgypt has two Internet exchange points: Cairo Regional Internet Exchange (CR-IX) and Middle East Internet Exchange, the former carrying international, as well as domestic, services. However, following the mass information blackout of early 2008, with the announcement of Telecom Egypt owned cable TE North and Orascom telecom owned MENA, several other projects are planned to improve the resilience of the international broadband. Internationally, Egypt is currently served with three international submarine cables: namely, FLAG, SEA-ME-WE 3 and SEA-ME-WE 4. The quality depends on the distance from the central loop office, the presence of the ISP in that local loop, and the quality of the copper telephone line on which the broadband connection is carried. They sell to class B ISPs which, in turn, sell to the rest of the 208 ISPs.īroadband connections in Egypt vary in quality. Etisalat Egypt bought both NileOnline and Egynet to expand their Internet presence. Seven companies own the infrastructure, known as class A ISPs: (Egynet, LINKdotNET, TE Data, NOL, Vodafone data, Noor communication and Yalla ). There are numerous (220 according to regulatory authority numbers) Internet service providers in Egypt offering an ADSL service. The service was offered in select central offices in big cities such as Cairo and Alexandria and gradually spread to cover more governorates of Egypt. Broadband access īroadband Internet access was introduced commercially to Egypt in 2000 as asymmetric digital subscriber line. More than one fourth of Egyptian Internet users visit Internet cafés to get online. Egypt had more than 400,000 ADSL lines by the end of 2007, 75% of which are residential. Of these, 63.4% share the connection with their neighbors 81.9% of households that share lines share them with more than three other households.
Īlmost a million Egyptian households have access to broadband due to sharing of VDSL lines. In 2008, the Egyptian government announced it would sell a second fixed-line license, ending Telecom Egypt's monopoly, but plans to do so have repeatedly been delayed. Telecom Egypt leases parts of its network to other Egyptian mobile operators, who use it to provide calls between mobile to fixed-line phones, as well as international calls. Telecom Egypt (now rebranded to WE), which has a monopoly in the fixed-line telephone sector, owns a 45% stake in Vodafone Egypt and had 11.3 million fixed-line subscribers at the end of June 2008. The move was widely seen as part of a wider strategy to dominate Egypt's Internet market by providing both Internet service and content to customers. Vodafone Egypt, which has 15 million subscribers, announced in August 2008 that it would buy a majority share in Sarmady Communications, an online and mobile content provider. The initiative includes offering discounts on computers and 512 kbit/s ADSL subscriptions for three years. The agreement is the second phase of a 2002 initiative and is part of the MCIT's strategy of increasing computer use throughout Egypt, focusing on socio-economically disadvantaged communities.
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Īs part of the Egyptian government's ambitious program to expand access to information technology, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT), National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (NTRA), Egyptian National Post Organization, and Computer and Software Department at the Federation of Egyptian Chambers of Commerce signed an agreement to spread personal computers for every home in August 2008. Egypt's spending on the information and communications technology sector reached $9.8 billion in 2008 and was expected to increase to $13.5 billion by 2011.
7.5 Persecutions of Egyptians for online activitiesĮgypt's Internet penetration rate grew from less than one percent in 2000, to 5% in 2004, 24% in 2009, and 54.6% in 2014.7.4 Increased censorship and surveillance after the July 3 coup d'état.